Search results for "binary [neutron star]"

showing 10 items of 544 documents

Manufacture of pupil filters for 3D beam shaping

2007

In a previous work we presented a new method for binarizing pupil filters designed to control the three-dimensional (3D) irradiance distribution in the focal volume of apodized systems. The method is based in the fact that the 3D amplitude point spread function of an axially-symmetrical system can be recovered entirely from a one-dimensional (1D) set of regularly spaced amplitude samples. Hence we proposed the use of 1D iterative Fourier transform algorithm to binarize a, properly mapped, version of the amplitude transmittance of the filter. The binary masks obtained consist of a set of opaque and transparent concentric annular zones. In this paper we have built two of these masks with oppo…

Point spread functionOpacityComputer sciencebusiness.industryBinary numberFilter (signal processing)Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakeFourier transformAmplitudeOpticsApodizationsymbolsTransmittanceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessOptics Communications
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Three-dimensional superresolution by annular binary filters

1999

We present a new family of annular binary filters for improving the three-dimensional resolving power of optical systems. The filters, whose most important feature is their simplicity, permit to achieve a significant reduction, both in the transverse and in the axial direction, of the central lobe width of the irradiance point spread function of the system. The filters can be used for applications such as optical data storage or confocal scanning microscopy.

Point spread functionPhysics3D optical data storagebusiness.industryBinary numberOptical storageConfocal scanning microscopyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsOpticsApodizationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessOptical filterImage resolutionOptics Communications
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Specific features of the interfacial tension in the case of phase separated solutions of random copolymers

2000

Abstract Phase diagrams (cloud point curves, critical points, tie lines for constant critical composition) and interfacial tensions as a function of temperature were measured for solutions of two random copolymers: poly(dimethylsiloxane- ran -methylphenylsiloxane) [I] and poly(styrene- ran -acrylonitrile) [II]. Acetone and anisole served as solvents for I and toluene for II; all solutions exhibit UCSTs between 300 and 310 K. The phase separation behavior can be well modeled if one accounts for the molecular and chemical non-uniformities of the random copolymers used in this study. The interfacial tensions σ differ most markedly from that of comparable homopolymer solutions in their correlat…

Polymers and PlasticsChemistryOrganic ChemistryThermodynamicsFlory–Huggins solution theorySurface energySurface tensionPhase (matter)Polymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryBinary systemCritical exponentTie linePhase diagramPolymer
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Enthalpy and Entropy Contributions to Solvent Quality and Inversions of Heat Effects with Polymer Concentration

2006

Vapor pressures above the solutions of polystyrene in either cyclohexane (32-60 °C) or toluene (10-70 °C) have been measured by a combination of head space sampling and gas chromatography as a function of the volume fraction φ of the polymer. The thus obtained Flory-Huggins interaction parameters Χ (φ; T) were complemented by data for three other systems (tert-butyl acetate/polystyrene, cyclohexane/poly(vinyl methyl ether), 2-propanol/poly(butyl methacrylate)) reported in the literature and analyzed in terms of their enthalpy and entropy parts Χ H and Χ s . Furthermore these experimental findings were modeled by means of an approach splitting the mixing process conceptually into two parts a…

Polymers and PlasticsCyclohexaneOrganic ChemistryEnthalpyConcentration effectFlory–Huggins solution theoryCondensed Matter PhysicsSolventchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryVolume fractionPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPolystyreneBinary systemPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics
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The Crane Beach Conjecture

2002

A language L over an alphabet A is said to have a neutral letter if there is a letter e/spl isin/A such that inserting or deleting e's from any word in A* does not change its membership (or non-membership) in L. The presence of a neutral letter affects the definability of a language in first-order logic. It was conjectured that it renders all numerical predicates apart from the order predicate useless, i.e., that if a language L with a neutral letter is not definable in first-order logic with linear order then it is not definable in first-order. Logic with any set /spl Nscr/ of numerical predicates. We investigate this conjecture in detail, showing that it fails already for /spl Nscr/={+, *…

Predicate logicDiscrete mathematicsIterated logarithmConjectureComputational complexity theoryDescription logicComputer Science::Logic in Computer ScienceComputer Science::Software EngineeringBinary numberSigmaPredicate (grammar)MathematicsProceedings 16th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
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Some Decision Results on Nonrepetitive Words

1985

The paper addresses some generalizations of the Thue Problem such as: given a word u, does there exist an infinite nonrepetitive overlap free (or square free) word having u as a prefix? A solution to this as well as to related problems is given for the case of overlap free words on a binary alphabet.

PrefixCombinatoricsTheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGESComputer Science::Discrete MathematicsUnique factorization domainComputer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing)Square-free integerComputer Science::Formal Languages and Automata TheoryBinary alphabetWord (computer architecture)Mathematics
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Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for binary and ternary systems composed of water, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol at 100 kPa

1996

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria data were obtained for the 2-propanol + 1-propanol binary system and the water + 1-propanol + 2-propanol ternary system at 100 kPa. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness−Byer−Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott−Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system is well represented by assuming ideal behavior. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this and our previous work are used to predict the vapor−liquid equilibrium for the ternary system using the UNIQUAC, NRTL, and Wilson models. The ternary system is well predicted from binary data.

PropanolActivity coefficientchemistry.chemical_compoundUNIQUACTernary numeral systemChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringNon-random two-liquid modelIsobaric processThermodynamicsGeneral ChemistryBinary systemTernary operation
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Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary System 3-Methylpentane + Ethanol and for the Ternary System 2-Methyl-2-propanol + Ethanol + 3-Methylp…

2000

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria data were measured for the 3-methylpentane + ethanol binary system and 2-methyl-2-propanol + ethanol + 3-methylpentane ternary system at 101.3 kPa in a temperature range from 329 to 356 K. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness-Byer-Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott-Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system shows a minimum boiling azeotrope that boils at 327.9 K and contains 71.4 mol % 3-methylpentane. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this work and literature data are used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system using the UNIQUAC, NRTL, a…

Propanolchemistry.chemical_compoundTernary numeral systemUNIQUACchemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringAzeotropeNon-random two-liquid modelIsobaric processThermodynamicsGeneral ChemistryBinary systemTernary operationJournal of Chemical & Engineering Data
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Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary System 3-Methylpentane + 2-Methyl-2-propanol and for the Ternary System Methyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ethe…

1999

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria data were obtained for the 3-methylpentane + 2-methyl-2-propanol binary system and methyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether + 3-methylpentane + 2-methyl-2-propanol ternary system at 101.3 kPa in a temperature range from 329 to 356 K. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness−Byer−Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott−Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system shows a minimum boiling azeotrope that boils at 333.4 K and contains 82.6 mol % of 3-methylpentane. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this work and literature data are used to predict the vapor−liquid equilibrium for the ter…

Propanolchemistry.chemical_compoundUNIQUACTernary numeral systemchemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringAzeotropeNon-random two-liquid modelThermodynamicsGeneral ChemistryBinary systemTernary operation3-MethylpentaneJournal of Chemical & Engineering Data
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Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes

2021

Background: Off-time pubertal timing (PT) and non-conforming gender identity have been reported to predict adverse health and well-being in adolescents. However, the joint effects of these two factors are less addressed. We aimed to investigate the main and interaction effects of gender identity, proxied by perceived gender contentedness (GC), and PT on longitudinal adolescent psychological and behavioral outcomes.Methods: Data (N = 1806, Mage = 13.3 ± 0.5 years) come from the Taiwan Youth Project, which prospectively followed a longitudinal cohort of Taiwanese junior high school students from 2000 (wave 1) to 2009 (wave 9). GC was self-reported at waves 1 and 9 in a binary response, and th…

PsychiatryGender identityBinary responseEarly adolescencepubertal timingRC435-571Gender nonconformingbehavioral developmentInteractionHealth outcomesgender contentednessPsychiatry and Mental healthadolescentdepressionLongitudinal cohortPsychologyDepression (differential diagnoses)Clinical psychologyOriginal ResearchFrontiers in Psychiatry
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